Archive for July, 2008

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Wachovia ends wholesale mortgages

July 22, 2008

Wachovia, the fourth-largest US bank, has said it is to stop offering mortgages via brokers from 25 July.

It follows others, such as Bank of America, who left the wholesale mortgage business earlier this year, and National City.

Wachovia said the firm “recognised some opportunities to re-position our business” in current market conditions.

Earlier this month Wachovia hired Robert Steel as its new boss after the ousting of predecessor Ken Thompson.

“We believe it is important to focus on serving the needs of customers who have relationships with the bank, and who are located in geographies where Wachovia franchises are located,” the bank said in a statement.

Wachovia bought mortgage lender Golden West Financial in 2006 for roughly $25bn at the height of the housing boom.

It left Wachovia with a deteriorating $120bn portfolio of Pick-A-Payment loans – Golden West’s speciality – which let borrowers miss some payments.

Wachovia said earlier this year it had lost $708m in the first three months of 2008, and had to raise an extra $8bn of funds.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7518938.stm

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Paulson: Many foreclosures can’t be prevented

July 14, 2008

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WASHINGTON – July 14, 2008 – Faced with record-high foreclosure rates, the Bush administration has been scrambling to keep people from losing their homes, but many are beyond help, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said Tuesday.

Lax lending standards that accompanied the once high-flying housing market allowed people to buy homes they could not afford, Paulson said.

“Many of today’s unusually high number of foreclosures are not preventable,” he said in prepared remarks to a mortgage-lending forum meeting in Arlington, Va. “There is little public policymakers can, or should, do to compensate for untenable financial decisions.”

Paulson said that there were 1.5 million home foreclosures started in 2007. He said some economists estimate there will be about 2.5 million foreclosures started this year.

Since last summer, the Bush administration has been focused on cutting down on the number of what Paulson called preventable foreclosures, where struggling homeowners want to keep their homes and have the financial wherewithal to do so.

The administration has been working with the Hope Now alliance, an industry group trying to coordinate a response to the mortgage crisis, to encourage lenders to work out loan modifications or refinancings for people who can afford the new terms and can keep making payments.

“While there have been bumps in the road and there is still work to do, the industry, through Hope Now, has made an enormous effort and great progress toward meeting these challenges,” Paulson said.

Since last July, the industry has helped 1.7 million homeowners with loan workouts that allowed them to stay in their homes, Paulson said.

Slumping home values are blamed for the bulk of the increasing foreclosures. Troubled borrowers left owing more to the bank than their homes are worth are walking away. Dumping more empty houses on the market adds to the pile of unsold homes, and that drives home prices down further.

Other homeowners were clobbered when initially low mortgage rates reset to much higher levels, ballooning their monthly payments.

Congress is working on legislation that would permit the Federal Housing Administration to provide new, cheaper mortgages to distressed homeowners who otherwise would have difficulty refinancing into more secure government-insured loans. Lenders would have to be willing to take a substantial loss by reducing the amount owed on the loan.

Differences have to be worked out between the Senate package and a similar House-passed proposal, and with the White House, too. The White House has threatened a veto but is working behind the scenes with congressional leaders to find common ground.

Paulson said he was pleased that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, major providers of mortgage financing, are raising more capital to bolster their balance sheets.

Shares of Fannie and Freddie tumbled on Monday after a Lehman Brothers report said that an accounting change could force the companies to raise billions of capital.

As part of a broad housing rescue package that includes leeway for the FHA, lawmakers also would revamp oversight of Fannie and Freddie, something the Bush administration has been championing.

Paulson also said Treasury is working with the Federal Reserve and other financial agencies to explore the potential of “covered bonds” as a way of increasing the availability and lowering the costs of mortgage financing.

These bonds provide funding to an issuer, such as a bank, and are backed by mortgages or cash flows from other debt. If the bond issuer goes into bankruptcy, investors who bought the bonds can lay claim to the underlying assets. Such bonds have been widely used in Europe to finance residential and commercial real estate, student loans and credit card debt, he said.

source: ap.org

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Time magazine revisits Florida’s problems

July 14, 2008

ORLANDO, Fla. – July 14, 2008 – Paradise has gone missing again.

Says who? Time, that’s who.

Nearly three decades after the magazine’s Paradise Lost? cover story on South Florida’s ills gave the peninsula an inferiority complex, Time is once again warning of impending disaster in the state.

Back then it was refugees, riots and crime. Now, it is . . . well, let Time tell it:

“Greetings from Florida, where the winters are great!” begins the six-page spread, titled Is Florida the Sunset State? “Otherwise, there’s trouble in paradise. We’re facing our worst real estate meltdown since the Depression. We’ve got a water crisis, insurance crisis, environmental crisis and budget crisis to go with our housing crisis.”

That’s a lot of crises. Has the state that likes to boast of having a world-class-this and a world-class-that become a world-class whipping boy? To the contrary, those quoted in the article did not quibble with the assertion that times are tough.

“We have some flashing red lights,” Bob Graham, the former governor and senator, told The Miami Herald on Sunday.

Elaborating on what he told the magazine, Graham cited two key indicators of trouble in Florida: a decline in demographic growth and a decline in per capita income in the state compared to the rest of the country.

Time’s 1981 dissection of South Florida’s problems (the latest article deals with the whole state) was mentioned often over the years as the area’s fortunes rose and fell. During the go-go days of the condo boom, the article seemed quaint and outdated, which it was.

And then, Paradise got lost again. But is it gone for good?

Others quoted by Time agreed with the overall gloomy theme – but noted in interviews with The Miami Herald that Florida has a bust/boom history and always bounces back.

“Yes, Florida is in a mess,” University of South Florida historian Gary Mormino said. “I bet Florida will roar back. And it will be a very different Florida.”

J. Allison DeFoor, a lobbyist, lawyer and historian quoted by the magazine, agreed.

“This is not a shocking revelatory trend. This is just Florida,” DeFoor said. “It’s still going to be paradise, but it’s not going to be a cheap paradise.”

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U.S. unveils plan to aid mortgage giants

July 14, 2008

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WASHINGTON – July 14, 2008 – The federal government unveiled a broad program yesterday evening to bolster troubled mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, extending unprecedented support to the companies and proposing new authority to lend them money and even buy their stock.

Scrambling to announce the initiative before the trading week began, federal officials said they would allow the firms for the first time to borrow money from the Federal Reserve. Officials are also seeking permission from Congress to temporarily increase the amount the companies can borrow from the Treasury and enable the government to invest directly in the firms if conditions worsen.

The two firms, which dominate the market for U.S. mortgages, have been reeling amid investor concern that the companies might not have enough capital to handle their losses due to the rising number of bad home loans. Both firms’ stocks plummeted by almost half last week.

Treasury officials said last night that they were confident Congress will be able to pass the new laws they seek by the end of the week as part of a broad housing bill under consideration on Capitol Hill.

The Federal Reserve announced that it would allow Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to borrow money on an emergency basis. The firms, should they experience a cash crunch, will be able to exchange certain assets for cash at the Fed’s discount window, a privilege long enjoyed by commercial banks and extended in March to struggling investment banks.

If Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac collapsed, it could cripple the U.S. housing market, dealing a staggering blow to the wider economy, and would saddle the federal government with massive debts if it chose to seize control of either firm.

“Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play a central role in our housing finance system and must continue to do so in their current form as shareholder-owned companies,” Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. said in a statement he read before television cameras last night. The strength of their debt “is important to maintaining confidence and stability in our financial system and our financial markets,” he said.

A failure of either company would also rattle global financial markets because their shares and debt are widely held by pension funds, mutual funds and foreign governments.

Both companies said they were financially sound but were grateful for the confidence-building efforts. The proposals, taken together, make more explicit than ever that the federal government backs the two federally chartered companies, even though they are investor-owned.

The changes that Treasury plans would expand the amount that Fannie and Freddie could borrow from the government in the event of cash flow problems. Currently, they can each withdraw $2.25 billion. The Treasury secretary could increase that amount at his discretion.

The Treasury secretary would also have the authority to invest government money in the firms by buying their stock, a step that would only be taken if the firms don’t have enough capital and are unable to raise it on private markets.

“Use of either the line of credit or the equity investment would carry terms and conditions necessary to protect the taxpayer,” Paulson said.

The new measures would give Paulson the authority to provide federal money to the firms after negotiating the conditions with them. Treasury officials stressed that this would allow the government to get the most favorable terms possible for taxpayers, potentially putting existing shareholders in a less favorable position.

“This is a very sweeping proposal,” said Bert Ely, a banking expert and longtime critic of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. “This plan goes further than I thought they would go and suggests a deeper level of concern about the companies.”

The initiative comes after a harried weekend of calls among officials at Treasury, the Federal Reserve and other agencies, and between Washington and Wall Street. Paulson led the creation of the plans, in sessions that went late into Friday and Saturday nights. He and Timothy F. Geithner, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, held extensive conversations with Wall Street executives in preparing the initiative.

The plan aimed in part at heading off further losses of confidence in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on global markets and was unveiled shortly before Monday trading opened on stock markets in Asia. The announcement also came on the eve of a crucial sale of $3 billion in securities by Freddie Mac. Federal officials also worked through the weekend to ensure that the sale, a test of investor confidence, would succeed.

Government leaders opted not to inject new money into the firms directly and stopped far short of nationalizing them. Officials continue to state that the companies are financially sound and should be able to continue funding Americans’ home mortgages.

A senior Treasury official said that both of his department’s proposals – the expanded credit line and the authority to make equity investments – are envisioned as temporary, expiring after 18 months.

The official said there were extensive discussions with congressional leaders of both parties over the weekend and that “nothing suggests we will not be able to accomplish this.” Key members of Congress last night endorsed the Treasury and Fed efforts, though one suggested the measures may not be adopted as quickly as the administration hopes.

Barney Frank (D-Mass.), chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, said in an interview that he expects the thrust of what Paulson requested will be approved by the House this week and accepted by the Senate next week, allowing President Bush to sign the measure by the end of next week. He added that the plans did not amount to a “bailout.” Instead they conveyed that “we don’t think there’s a terrible problem, but we want to reassure you if there is one, we can deal with it.”

Sen. Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.), who chairs the Joint Economic Committee, also welcomed the plan. “It will be reassuring to investors, bondholders and mortgage-holders that the federal government will be behind these agencies should it be needed,” he said in a statement. “The Treasury’s plan is surgical and carefully thought out and will maximize confidence in Fannie and Freddie while minimizing potential costs to U.S. taxpayers.”

Another component of the plan is to give the Federal Reserve a “consultative” role in setting the firms’ capital requirements. That would enable the Fed, which works to ensure the stability of the financial system, to help set requirements on Fannie’s and Freddie’s finances that might lessen the risks they pose to the broader economy.

The actions mark the most extensive government intervention into the financial world since the Fed rescued Wall Street investment bank Bear Stearns from bankruptcy in March. They are also designed to allow the companies to continue their roles making funding available for Americans to buy homes.

The firms funded about 70 percent of the home mortgages issued in the first three months of the year, but investors fear that the companies do not have enough capital to weather the eventual losses on bad loans on their balance sheets. Freddie Mac’s shares have tumbled 88 percent since their high in 2006, and Fannie Mae’s stock is off 85 percent since its most recent peak last year.

Separately, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced yesterday that it and other regulators will immediately begin to examine whether securities prices have been manipulated by the intentional spread of false information. This action was timed in part to coincide with the government’s announcement about its aid to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Also yesterday, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. issued a statement indicating that IndyMac, the failed California-based bank it took over Friday, will reopen today with all its functions operating normally.

Source: wahingtompost.com

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Rates on 30-year mortgages rise, other rates mixed

July 10, 2008

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Jul 10, 3:24 PM EDT


WASHINGTON (AP) — Rates on 30-year mortgages edged up this week, while rates on other home loans were a mixed bag.

Freddie Mac, the mortgage company, reported Thursday that 30-year fixed-rate mortgages averaged 6.37 percent this week. That was up from 6.35 percent last week.

Rates on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, a popular choice for refinancing, dipped to 5.91 percent this week, compared with 5.92 percent last week.

Meanwhile, five-year adjustable-rate mortgages rose to 5.82 percent this week, up from 5.78 percent last week. Rates on one-year adjustable-rate mortgages held steady at 5.17 percent, unchanged from the previous week.

Earlier this week, there were fresh signs that the painful housing slump was likely to drag on. The National Association of Realtors’ pending home sales index slipped 4.7 percent in May to the third-lowest reading on record.

“Pending home sales fell more than expected,” said Freddie Mac’s chief economist Frank Nothaft.

Home foreclosures have hit record highs as sagging home values have left some borrowers owning more on their mortgages than their homes are worth. With more empty homes being dumped on an already glutted market, prices are being pulled lower. Buyers, however, have become harder to find as credit has gotten harder to secure.

Congress is moving ahead on a package to help distressed homeowners. It would allow the Federal Housing Administration to provide them with more affordable, fixed-rate mortgages.

The mortgage rates do not include add-on fees known as points. The nationwide fee for 30-year, 15-year and five-year mortgages all averaged 0.6 point this week. The fee on one-year mortgages averaged 0.5 point.

A year ago, rates on 30-year mortgages stood at 6.73 percent, 15-year mortgage rates averaged 6.39 percent, five-year adjustable-rate mortgages were at 6.35 percent and one-year adjustable-rate mortgages averaged 5.71 percent.
On the Net: Freddie Mac: http://www.freddiemac.com

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Strenuous obstacles to short sales compound headaches for Florida homeowners

July 9, 2008

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MIAMI – July 9, 2008 – Reggie Capiro had reached his breaking point. Gas prices were climbing ever higher, and his 200-mile round-trip commute from Palm City to Miami had become too costly and too grating.

“Every day, it just wore on me a little further,” the 49-year-old motorcycle salesman said.

So in October, he and his wife, Noelvis, 46, stopped trying to avoid the inevitable. Unable to find decent-paying jobs closer to home, they decided to move south and put their three-bedroom, three-bath Palm City dream house on the market.

They hoped to find a buyer willing to pay at least as much as the balance on their mortgage. The Capiros paid $406,000 in 2003 but owed about $440,000 after refinancing to pay down credit card debt. They got into a bigger hole than expected when Reggie’s commissions as a Martin County boat salesman dried up after the 2004 hurricanes.

The Capiros were pleased when a buyer emerged – but the deal fell through because of a title dispute. Meanwhile, the market continued to sour.

“We realized we’d be lucky to get out,” Reggie said.

So he and his wife petitioned their lender for a short sale – when a bank consents to selling a home for less than the outstanding mortgage balance.

About six months later, Wells Fargo Home Mortgage and its servicing company have yet to accept an offer. Instead, the Capiros’ home is on the brink of foreclosure and scheduled to be auctioned on the courthouse steps July 15.

“It’s just asinine,” said Dave Derrenbacker, the Capiros’ real estate agent and owner of Water Pointe Realty Group in Stuart. “We’ve got a ready, willing and able buyer sitting by, patiently, to get qualified.” The bank has rejected several offers and asked him to submit the same paperwork again and again, Derrenbacker said.

If the foreclosure is finalized, the bank stands to lose more money than it would if it allowed the short sale for $400,000.

The Capiros’ credit is likely to take a far bigger hit than it would with a short sale.

And yet another foreclosed-on home will sit available in the region’s oversupplied housing market.

“The problem is there’s no standard of practice,” Derrenbacker said of short sales. “If the government wanted to help out, it would set timetables and standards for these things.”

Most agents cite snags in process

Of the 4.99 million existing-home sales expected to close between May 2008 and May 2009, about 400,000 of them will be short sales, according to the National Association of Realtors.

The term short sale wasn’t part of most buyers’ and sellers’ vocabularies a few years ago. Now, 54 percent of Realtors have participated in at least one short sale, according to an informal survey of 3,265 agents the association conducted this spring.

Short sales can sound like a dream way to walk away from a mortgage nightmare: The seller escapes foreclosure. The buyer gets a bargain price. The bank holding the home loan eats the difference.

But as the Capiros’ plight shows, the deals can be incredibly cumbersome to negotiate.

Of the agents polled who had participated in a short sale, 94 percent said they faced obstacles. The issues included disagreements about market value, uncertainty about documents needed, the lack of response by a lender or servicer and other problems.

“Some of the Realtors suggested that the short-sale process could be improved with clearer contact information for lenders and servicers, standardization of the documents and faster decisions,” said Jed Smith, the National Association of Realtors’ managing director for quantitative research.

In the Capiros’ case, “they showed hardship, they showed all they were supposed to show,” said Derrenbacker, who serves as president of the Realtor Association of Martin County.

But the bank still wouldn’t make the sale happen.

Des Moines, Iowa-based Wells Fargo Home Mortgage declined to comment specifically on the Capiros’ case, citing customer confidentiality.

When it receives an offer to take a short payoff on a loan, the company has to clear the amount with several parties, such as mortgage insurers and second-lien holders, the bank said in a statement.

“If one or more of these stakeholders says the offer price is below fair market value – or the minimum amount they are willing to accept in a short sale – Wells Fargo has no choice but to communicate the offer is denied,” the bank said in an e-mailed statement.

Because lenders want so many documents to justify a short sale, it can take 25 to 40 hours to assemble a single short-sale file, said Michelle Jones, a foreclosure counselor at West Palm Beach’s new Foreclosure Assistance Center. Phone calls to the lender can be another ordeal.

“We’ll be on hold 20, 25, 30 minutes just to get through to the lender,” she said.

Of the center’s 300 or so clients, about 32 were pursuing a short sale this summer. Only 17 of those got the go-ahead from their lender to even give it a try.

“When you are conducting a short sale, somebody is giving up a significant amount of money, so you would expect there to be problems,” Smith said.

Still, there are some signs that short sales will get easier to navigate.

Hope Now, an alliance of mortgage industry players offering support for troubled homeowners, last month announced its first set of uniform guidelines for dealing with short sales.

Among other things, the guidelines say Hope Now members – mostly loan servicers and banks, including Wells Fargo – “may suspend foreclosure action for a reasonable period of time” to allow time for review of a short sale.

Most real estate agents don’t have the time to invest in short sales, said Greg Addeo, a Stuart-based real estate broker and executive vice president of East Coast operations for Yorba Linda, Calif.-based Shortsaleplan.com.

Addeo’s company works with banks and real estate agents to help make short sales a reality. For a $600 upfront fee, it will create a short-sale file with a lender, get the third-party price estimate (a broker price opinion) and handle other administrative work.

The short-sale system isn’t perfect, Addeo said, “but it’s getting better.” With an estimated 9 million Americans upside down on their mortgages, short sales also are more alluring than they used to be.

“I certainly talk to more people that are upside down in their homes than right-side up,” said Jessica Cecere, president of Consumer Credit Counseling Service’s Palm Beach County and Treasure Coast operations. “And they either have to ride that out or do something about it.” In the last six months, she’s seen far more strapped homeowners considering short sales as an option.

Another enticement: Last year’s Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act excludes debt forgiven in the short sale of a primary residence from being subject to federal income tax.

Short sales tend to be less damaging to people’s credit scores than foreclosures, but it depends on how lenders categorize and report the unpaid debt, Cecere said.

Reggie Capiro worries about the blemish a foreclosure will leave on his record. The lease on his car is almost up, and he fears he won’t be able to qualify for a new vehicle.

“This is devastating,” said the father of two daughters, ages 20 and 11.

He and his wife are now renting a home in Miami for $1,600 a month.

Capiro still has keys to their empty house in Palm City, but he and his family never make the drive back.

It’s too painful.

“I tried my damnedest to keep my house up there,” he said, “because I loved it.”

Copyright © 2008 The Palm Beach Post, Fla., Eve Samples. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

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Sales to vary in narrow band, then rise

July 9, 2008

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WASHINGTON – July 9, 2008 – Modest near-term movement is expected in existing-home sales, with a recovery in sales seen during the second half of the year, according to the latest forecast by NAR.

The Pending Home Sales Index, a forward-looking indicator based on contracts signed in May, fell 4.7 percent to 84.7 from an upwardly revised reading of 88.9 in April, and remains 14.0 percent below May 2007 when it stood at 98.5.

Lawrence Yun, NAR chief economist, says some pullback after a sharp increase in the previous month was expected. “The overall decline in contract signings suggests we are not out of the woods by any means. The housing stimulus bill that is still being considered in the Senate is critical to assure a healthy recovery in the housing market, jobs and the economy,” he says.

The PHSI in the West slipped 1.3 percent to 97.5 in May but is 2.0 percent higher than May 2007. In the Northeast, the index declined 2.9 percent to 77.0 in May and is 16.4 percent below a year ago. The index in the Midwest fell 6.0 percent to 78.6 and is 13.8 percent below May 2007. In the South, the index dropped 7.1 percent in May to 84.5 and is 22.1 percent below a year ago.

Yun says location has never mattered more than in the current market. “Some markets have seen a doubling in home sales from a year ago, while others are seeing contract signings cut in half. Price conditions vary tremendously, even within a locality, depending upon a neighborhood’s exposure to subprime loans.”

Double-digit pending sales gains in May from a year ago were noted in Colorado Springs, Colo.; Sacramento, Calif.; and Spartanburg, S.C.

NAR President Richard F. Gaylord says the current market offers immediate benefits and long-term value for many buyers. “Home buyers are getting a great deal right now,” he says. “Although inflationary expectations appear to be under control for the time being, sharper consumer price gains could lead to notably higher mortgage interest rates in 2009.”

Based on current indicators, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is forecast to rise gradually to 6.5 percent by the end of this year, and then hold at that level for most of 2009. NAR’s housing affordability index is improving this year and is likely to rise 15 percentage points to 127.0 for all of 2008.

Existing-home sales are expected to grow from an annual pace of 5.01 million in the second quarter to 5.75 million in the fourth quarter. For all of 2008, existing-home sales should total 5.31 million, and then increase 5.0 percent next year to 5.58 million.

“The speed at which home prices declined in a few select markets is unprecedented, but the large price declines in those areas have enticed bargain hunters back into the market,” Yun says. “Interestingly, there have been reports of multiple bidding after the large price cuts, so it is possible that most of the price declines have already occurred in those markets.”

The aggregate median existing-home price is projected to fall 6.2 percent this year to $205,300, and then rise by 4.3 percent in 2009 to $214,100.

New-home sales are likely to fall 32.3 percent to 525,000 in 2008 and decline another 3.4 percent next year to 507,000. “High inventory conditions, rising commodity prices and construction costs will curtail new home construction deep into 2009,” Yun says. Housing starts, including multifamily units, will probably fall 28.7 percent to 966,000 this year, and then drop another 9.0 percent in 2009 to 879,000.

The median new-home price is expected to decline 3.2 percent to $239,300 this year, and then rise 5.3 percent in 2009 to $251,900.

Growth in the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is seen at 1.6 percent in 2008 and 1.4 percent next year. The unemployment rate should average 5.4 percent this year and 5.8 percent in 2009.

Inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, is forecast at 3.7 percent this year and 2.4 percent in 2009. Inflation-adjusted disposable personal income is projected to grow 1.5 percent in both 2008 and 2009.

© 2008 FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS

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Fed plans new rules to protect future homebuyers

July 9, 2008

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WASHINGTON – July 9, 2008 – The Federal Reserve will issue new rules next week aimed at protecting future homebuyers from dubious lending practices, its most sweeping response to a housing crisis that has propelled foreclosures to record highs.

Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke spoke of the much-awaited rules in a broader speech Tuesday about the challenges confronting policymakers in trying to stabilize a shaky U.S. financial system. To that end, Bernanke said the Fed may give squeezed Wall Street firms more time to tap the central bank’s emergency loan program.

To prevent a repeat of the current mortgage mess, Bernanke said the Fed will adopt rules cracking down on a range of shady lending practices that has burned many of the nation’s riskiest “subprime” borrowers – those with spotty credit or low incomes – who were hardest hit by the housing and credit debacles.

The plan, which will be voted on at a Fed board meeting on Monday, would apply to new loans made by thousands of lenders of all types, including banks and brokers.

Under the proposal unveiled last December, the rules would restrict lenders from penalizing risky borrowers who pay loans off early, require lenders to make sure these borrowers set aside money to pay for taxes and insurance and bar lenders from making loans without proof of a borrower’s income. It also would prohibit lenders from engaging in a pattern or practice of lending without considering a borrower’s ability to repay a home loan from sources other than the home’s value.

“These new rules … will address some of the problems that have surfaced in recent years in mortgage lending, especially high-cost mortgage lending,” Bernanke said.

Consumer groups have complained that the proposed rules aren’t strong enough, while mortgage lenders worry that they are too tough and could crimp customers’ choices.

In an extraordinary action aimed at averting a financial catastrophe, the Fed in March agreed to let investment houses go to the Fed – on a temporary basis – for a quick, overnight source of cash. Those loan privileges, which are supposed to last through mid-September, are similar to those permanently afforded to commercial banks for years.

“We are currently monitoring developments in financial markets closely and considering several options, including extending the duration of our facilities for primary dealers beyond year-end should the current unusual and exigent circumstances continue to prevail in dealer funding markets,” Bernanke said in prepared remarks to a mortgage-lending forum in Arlington, Va.

The Fed’s decision to act – temporarily at least – as a lender of last resort for Wall Street firms was made after a run on Bear Stearns pushed the investment bank to the brink of bankruptcy and raised fears that others might be in jeopardy. It was the broadest use of the Fed’s lending powers since the 1930s.

Bear Stearns was eventually taken over by JPMorgan Chase & Co., with the Fed providing $28.82 billion in financial backing.

Those controversial decisions have drawn criticism from Democrats in Congress and elsewhere that the Fed is bailing out Wall Street and putting billions of taxpayer dollars at risk.

Bernanke, in appearances on Capitol Hill, has said he doesn’t believe taxpayers will suffer any losses.

In his speech Tuesday, the Fed chief defended those actions anew. If the Fed didn’t intervene, he said, problems in financial markets would have snowballed, imperiling the country.

“Allowing Bear Stearns to fail so abruptly at a time when the financial markets were already under considerable stress would likely have had extremely adverse implications for the financial system and for the broader economy,” Bernanke said to the mortgage forum, organized by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

The Fed’s consideration of giving Wall Street firms more time to tap the Fed’s emergency loan program is part of an ongoing effort by the central bank to bring back stability to fragile financial markets and help to bolster shaky confidence on the part of investors.

Policymakers – in the White House, in Congress and other federal agencies – will need to work together to come up with ways to make the U.S. financial system more resilient and stable and to prevent a repeat of the types of problems that brought about the end of Bear Stearns, an 85-year-old institution, Bernanke said.

Although those efforts are already under way and will be the focus of a House Financial Services Committee hearing Thursday, it will fall to the next president and next Congress to settle them. Both Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson are scheduled to testify at Thursday’s hearing.

The Bush administration has proposed revamping the nation’s financial regulatory structure. That plan would make the Fed an ubercop in charge of financial market stability. But the Fed would lose daily supervision of big banks. Bernanke said the Fed must maintain this power if it is to be an effective overseer of financial stability.

The Fed, which regulates banks, and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees investment firms, announced an information-sharing agreement on Monday aimed at better detecting potential risks to the financial system.

Over the longer term, though, Congress may need to adopt legislation to bolster supervision of investment banks and other large securities dealers, Bernanke said.

Bernanke recommended that Congress give a regulator the authority to set standards for capital, liquidity holdings and risk management practices for the holding companies of the major investment banks. Currently, the SEC’s oversight of these holding companies is based on a voluntary agreement between the SEC and those firms.

The Associated Press, Jeannine Aversa (AP Economics Writer).

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Banks: Everything must go!

July 6, 2008

Financial firms may look to sell assets to get their balance sheets in shape. But finding buyers won’t be easy.

By David Ellis, CNNMoney.com staff writer

Last Updated: July 6, 2008: 7:20 AM EDT

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) — If it’s not bolted down, you can bet that troubled financial firms are thinking of putting a price tag on it.

There has been plenty of talk lately about how the nation’s largest banks and securities firms are looking to shed some of their assets.

Last week, specialty finance firm CIT Group announced plans to sell its home lending business to the Dallas buyout shop Lone Star Funds for $1.5 billion and $4.4 billion in assumed debt.

And there has been plenty of speculation about other possible sales. There have been reports that Merrill Lynch may sell all, or part, of its stakes in asset manager BlackRock or the media outlet Bloomberg LP.

Swiss bank UBS AG has reportedly retained Lazard to help conduct a strategic review of its businesses, including the separation of UBS’ lucrative wealth management unit from its hard hit investment bank division. Executives from Merrill and UBS have declined to comment publicly about these reports.

“When the industry is hurting, the natural thing to do is look inward and say ‘what do we have?’ and ‘what should we have?’ ” said Elizabeth Nesvold, managing partner at the New York City-based investment bank Silver Lane Advisors, which works with the financial services industry.

While selling assets may prove to be the next move for capital-hungry banks and securities firms, it will certainly stand as another challenge for companies that are already trying to juggle too much.

Cutting into muscle

Facing mounting loan losses and pressure from federal regulators, financial services firms have been scrambling to raise capital any way they can – including cutting their dividend or issuing common stock.

To avoid offending shareholders any further, banks and securities firms have increasingly eyed asset sales as a sensible way of raising cash.

That may prove to be relatively painless for large firms such as Citigroup (C, Fortune 500), which announced in early May that it planned to sell more than $400 billion in assets over the next few years, as part of an effort to whip the bloated New York City-based bank into shape.

During the recent boom years, the financial services giant acquired a medley of different business divisions. So it has plenty of fat to cut.

But for firms that aren’t as diversified, sales could present a problem.

“You don’t want to cut into muscle,” said Jess Varughese, managing partner at Milestone, a New York City-based management consulting firm that focuses on the financial services industry.

For example, some estimate that Merrill Lynch 49% stake in BlackRock and 20% holding in Bloomberg could be worth as much as $15 billion. But a sale, while raising capital, would also come at a cost.

Getting rid of its BlackRock stake in particular would eliminate a source of sales and profitability for Merrill at a time when the rest of its business is struggling.

In the first quarter, Merrill reported a 15% increase in revenues in its global investment management business and attributed much of the gain to its investment in BlackRock.

Removing such a key revenue stream could even prompt a downgrade of Merrill by credit rating agencies, notes Benjamin Wallace, a securities analyst at the Westborough, Mass.-based Grimes and Company Inc.

Talk is cheap

Wallace adds that a lot of the chatter about asset sales making the rounds may be just that: chatter.

If a bank was seriously thinking about dumping its brokerage business or jettisoning its asset management division, leaking details of the discussions is not in their best interests if they actually want to maximize the amount of money they will make on the sale.

“It’s good old game theory,” said Wallace. “If people know you are trying to sell something, they will push you harder on the price.”

Also, talking about an asset sale may be one thing. Pulling off a deal in this market environment is quite another. There may be a dearth of willing buyers for bank assets in the coming months.

Because of the credit crunch, analysts say few banks or brokerages are well capitalized enough to go shopping. That leaves only a smattering of private-equity firms or hedge funds in the buyer pool.

And with credit markets still under pressure, few firms may be able to secure the kind of financing needed to afford the asking price, notes Robert Bruner, dean of the University of Virginia’s Darden Graduate School of Business.

“It seems that the range of buyers is much narrower today than it was perhaps a year ago because the buyer may not find it possible to finance a major purchase as easily,” said Bruner, who focuses on corporate finance as well as mergers & acquisitions.

And asset sales, while attractive, are certainly not speedy.

One prominent attorney who has consulted on a number of high profile deals noted that some sales can be cobbled together in a matter of days and banks can have the cash in hand just a few weeks later if everything goes smoothly.

But that appears to be the exception rather than the rule. If time is of the essence, notes Silver Lane’s Nesvold, a cash-squeezed bank or brokerage may be forced to sell stock to raise capital.

“Doing a deal takes a fair amount of time and patience,” she said. “It is not a quick turn for cash when you need to tighten up your balance sheet.”

 source: money.cnn.com